The ABS Hybrid Treatment Doctrines
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Bio-remediation refers
to selective nurturing beneficial organisms as opposed to eliminate them, which
is the
destruction of all organisms. Remediate municipal raw sewage is done to
prevent ecological imbalance from being
spread and to ensure is optimal economic benefits, workplace safety, and
environment reimbursement.
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Like all living
organisms, microbial populations contained in waste handling systems that are
responsible for the
ultimate stabilization, or treatment, of the waste have a minimum nutrient and
oxygen requirement. Frequently the
concentration of many of these nutrients and oxygen contained in existing waste
systems is insufficient or not in a usable
form for microorganisms In addition to the many required micronutrients,
microorganisms also require organic nutrients.
These organic nutrients are sometimes known as "growth factors" and
are compounds necessary for organic growth
because they become constituents of organic cell material that cannot be
synthesized from other carbon sources.
Growth factor requirements differ from one organism to another, but the major
ones fall into the following three classes:
amino acids, purines and pyrimidines and vitamins to maintain microbial cell
synthesis and growth. The lack of required
nutrients is typically the limiting factor in the treatment or ultimate
stabilization of the waste.
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Typical conditions of
a biomass include an abundant source of organic matter and the symbiotic
activity of many different types of micro-organisms that metabolize and
stabilize within the biomass. Some species of bacteria are specialized and
their normal growth and development is often inhibited by the lack of readily
available essential nutrients and other growth factors which cannot be
synthesized from the organic matter present. These growth factors are amino
acids, purines, pyrimidines and vitamins. Each individual species reacts
differently and with different sensitivities to the various growth factors.
This means that in a mixed microbial population, individual species with
desirable qualities can be purposefully stimulated while simultaneously
suppressing bacteria with negative or undesirable qualities. Judiciously
prepared organic nutrients would furnish the said properties.
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The presence or
absence of oxygen in the environment is important in the growth of
microorganisms. In some cases,
the type of metabolism used by a particular organism may differ according to
the concentration of oxygen. Oxygen has
limited solubility in water.
·
Therefore, in still
aqueous environments, availability of oxygen may be a limiting factor in the
growth of microorganisms. Many cells may utilize oxygen for their metabolism,
and since oxygen cannot easily diffuse back into the solution, the environment
becomes oxygen-depleted.
·
Except a few
facultative or anaerobic microbes, all living things, one way or the
other, require oxygen to survive. Microbial populations in waste handing
systems that are responsible for the ultimate stabilization, or treatment, of
the waste have minimum oxygen requirement. Frequently the concentration
of oxygen contained in existing waste systems is insufficient or not in a
usable form for microorganisms to maintain microbial cell synthesis and growth.
The lack of required oxygen is typically the limiting factor in the treatment
or ultimate stabilization or the waste. In general, the saturation
concentration of oxygen in pure water at 25 degree centigrade is approximately
8.2mg/L; however, as salinity of water increases, solubility of oxygen is
further decreased. For example, at 2.5% salinity, 25 degree centigrade,
saturation oxygen concentration is only 7.2 mg/L. These numbers demonstrate
that in a waste water system it becomes more difficult to get oxygen into the
water due to the dissolved solids associated in it. As a result, in such
an oxygen-depleted environment, anaerobes dominate the eco-system and start the
notorious digestion process producing very unpleasant odor and noxious
by-products into the waste water system.
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Another challenge
usually encountered is that the rate of oxygen dissolution is not fast enough
to enable an efficient
replenishment. In a typical aeration system, the air supply must be adequate
to:
1.
Satisfy the BOD of the
waste.
2.
Satisfy the endogenous
respiration by the sludge organisms, and maintain a minimum dissolved oxygen
(DO)
concentration of 1 to 2 mg/L throughout the aeration tank.
·
Conventional means of oxygen
introduction into waste water system could be roughly divided into two main
streams:
passive and active. Passive ones employ the surface oxygen diffusion principle
where oxygen moves into wastewater
from atmosphere by natural surface interactions and by contact. In the active
format, various techniques to mechanically
or physically force oxygen into the waste water system are designed. Ways are
either in the format of the air bubbles to
increase the overall contact area for oxygen, solution or pumping wastewater to
flow in a high speed and turbulent
manner to increase contact with air.
·
Nevertheless, the
natural limitations of oxygen solubility still hinder efficient delivery of
oxygen to the microorganisms in
wastewater. For food-to-microorganism ratios greater than 0.3, the air
requirements for the conventional aeration
process amount to 500 to 900 cuft/lb for fine bubbles (porous) diffusers. At
lower food-to-microorganism ratios,
endogenous respiration nitrification, and prolonged aeration periods increase
air use to 1200 to 1800 cuft/lb of BOD
removed. In the Ten State standards, the normal air requirements for all
activated-sludge processes, except extended
aeration, are 1500 cuft/lb BOD for peak aeration rank loading. For diffused-air
aeration, the amount of air used has
commonly ranged from 0.5 to 2.0cuft/gal at different plants. To introduce such
an amount of air into the wastewater
sufficiently and in a fast enough rate to ensure effective oxidation of organic
waste and to support microbial growth is a
very energy consuming task. Simply using mechanical means, due in part to the
low solubility of oxygen in water and to
the slow dissolution process, would waste a great deal of energy to drive the
machinery to achieve desirable dissolved
oxygen (DO) level.
·
There has been
technology using pure oxygen in place of air for aeration process in certain
special applications, aiming
to enhance the oxygen dissolution properties. Nevertheless, such physical
approach utilizing a higher oxygen partial
pressure results with certain improvement but was not justified by its high
cost and still jeopardized in heavy loading
waste water system.
·
Reviewing the
conventional methods of oxygen introduction utilizing mechanical means, knowing
their strengths and
weaknesses, a novel approach of raising DO level of the natural water body or
waste water system using organic based
chemicals was formulated. Such DO increasing to optimize the benign aerobic
microbial activities in the stabilization or
treatment of waste.
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ABS Oxygen Alleviating
Agent is part of the biological waste treatment system additives containing a
proprietary blend of organic based chemicals and hydrogen peroxide. The goal is
to stimulate the specific group of microorganisms called
facultative anaerobe to restore their naturally given functionalities to lower
suspended solids, biochemical oxygen
demands, chemical oxygen demand, etc. in the environmentally unfriendly
biomass.
The ABS Oxygen Alleviating Agent does
not contain bacteria or enzymes, but rather is designed to stimulate the
existing bacteria
found in biological systems.
Link to Manufacturer www.abs-hk.net